At the end of a bitter 12-year civil war, the 1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords mediated by the United Nations prompted a broad and extensive post-conflict peace-building programme for national reconciliation in El Salvador. UNESCO's contribution to the latter was through a culture of peace programme with women as the focal population for human rights, social and environmental awareness building. In a tough political environment, the primary ingredients for quality planning required a creative imagination and courage to venture forth as a force for social cohesion between rival factions.