Women's political participation in municipalities has received little attention until recently, though the chronic under-representation of women in mayoral and other local elected positions is increasingly recognized as a significant challenge to gender equality. This working paper is part of the first phase of the project: Strengthening governance from a gender perspective and women's political participation at the local level in Latin America, and contains information, analysis and conclusions synthesized from various sources with the aim of providing a panoramic view of knowledge, information and reflection on the question of women's political participation at the local level.