Scorecard of France 2017-01-01 00:00:00

France 2017
69.4

International Actions

52.9%
Security Council Actions

58.8%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in All Security Council Open Debates

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance had 10 out of 17 Open Debates in 2017 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:

General Women, Peace and Security: 2/17

Conflict Prevention: 2/17

Disarmament: 1/17

Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/17

Participation: 2/17

Peace Processes: 2/17

Peacekeeping: 4/17

Protection: 4/17

Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/17

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 2/17

Implementation: 4/17

Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 6/17

Human Rights: 5/17

S/PV.7938: "Since the seminal adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), this Council has placed the participation of women in crisis management and recovery at the centre of its concerns, with the full support of France."

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of all Security Council open debates per year.
Resources

"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council, accessed April 11, 2018:

0.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Threats Caused by Terrorist Acts

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance had 0 out of 1 Open Debates on the threats caused by terrorist acts in 2017 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

N/A

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the threats caused by terrorist acts.
Resources

"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council, accessed April 11, 2018:

20.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Maintenance of International Peace and Security

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance had 1 out of 5 Open Debates on the maintenance of international peace and security in 2017 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:

General Women, Peace and Security: 0/5

Conflict Prevention: 1/5

Disarmament: 0/5

Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/5

Participation: 0/5

Peace Processes: 1/5

Peacekeeping: 1/5

Protection: 1/5

Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/5

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 1/5

Implementation: 1/5

Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 2/5

Human Rights: 2/5

S/PV.7857: "We advocate a crosscutting and integrated approach that combines security, humanitarian, political and development actions over time with a continuity of the prevention, maintenance and consolidation of peace."

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the maintenance of international peace and security.
Resources

"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council, accessed April 11, 2018:

100.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Protection of Civilians

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance had 1 out of 1 Open Debates on the Protection of Civilians in 2017 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:

General Women, Peace and Security: 0/1

Conflict Prevention: 1/1

Disarmament: 1/1

Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 1/1

Participation: 0/1

Peace Processes: 0/1

Peacekeeping: 0/1

Protection: 1/1

Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/1

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 1/1

Implementation: 0/1

Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 0/1

Human Rights: 1/1

S/PV.7951: "The second is the Kigali Principles, which provide guidance on conducting operations, training and cooperating with local communities on the ground. France supports them, and we should all do the same. "

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the protection of civilians.
Resources

"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council, accessed April 11, 2018:

100.0%
The Use of Veto

CriteriaA state should not apply its veto right.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

France used its veto right 0 times out of 6 vetoed draft resolutions in 2017.

Comment

N/A

Methodology100% - No veto right was used;
75% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
50% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
25% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language);
0% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language).
Resources

"Veto List," Dag Hammarskjold Library, accessed March, 26, 2018:

38.5%
Commitments Intended to Strengthen the Implementation of the WPS Agenda

CriteriaAll WILPF/PeaceWomen themes should be covered in the WPS commitments.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisIn its statements made at the 2017 Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security, France covered the following WILPF/PeaceWomen themes:
General Women, Peace and Security
Conflict Prevention
Disarmament
Participation
Peace Processes
Protection
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
Peacekeeping
Displacement and Humanitarian Response
Human Rights
Justice, Rule of Law and Security Sector Reform
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding
Implementation
Comment

Participation:

French parity law has undeniably enabled France to achieve decisive progress. The French Government has achieved parity, as has the Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations in New York. France has also undertaken a comprehensive effort and set specific goals to increase women’s participation in its armed forces. Appointments have risen significantly, and women’s representation has virtually doubled since 1998 to 15 per cent of overall troops today a priority.

Implementation:

France is implementing its second National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security, which covers the period 2015-2018.

Justice, Rule of Law, Security Sector Reform:

France is taking action against impunity when crimes are committed against women, including to enable women’s access to justice.

Peacebuilding:

France continues to support humanitarian programmes aimed at assisting women affected by the consequences of the crises in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Lebanon, as a result of the Syrian crisis, and Nigeria. France's official development assistance already has fully incorporated the gender dimension, and the number of projects with a direct impact on the lives of women is rising as well.

Protection:

France is also undertaking numerous projects to protect women from human trafficking.

MethodologyThe number of WILPF/PeaceWomen themes emphasised in a statement identifies the final percentage received by a state
Resources

"Call to Action on 2010 Commitments," WILPF/PeaceWomen, accessed July 19,. 2016:

"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council, accessed April 11, 2018:

35.0%
Women, Peace and Security Financing

35.0%
Balance Between UN Women Total Contribution and Arms Sales Revenue

CriteriaTotal contribution to UN Women should increase overtime while Arms Sales Revenue should decrease overtime.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Arms Transfer Revenue: $2,162,000,000

UN Women Government Total Contribution: $680,000

Comment

Arms Transfer Revenue in 2016: $2,226,000,000 

UN Women Government Total Contribution in 2016: $1,718,124

MethodologyA grade varies depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative consistency in spendings, ratio between the arms transfer revenue and the UN Women contribution, etc.):
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (90-100%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (79-89%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (68-78%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (57-67%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (46-56%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (35-45%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (24-34%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (13-23%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (0-12%).
Resources

"UN Women 2017 Top Contributions by donor," UN Women, 2018. Acccessed May 15, 2018:

"Importer/Exporter TIV Tables," SIPRI. Acccessed May 15, 2018:

95.0%
International Gender and Human Rights Indicators

92.0%
Ranking via Gender Inequality Index (GII)

CriteriaA state should be ranked first in the Gender Inequality Index (GII).
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance was ranked 16 among 188 participating countries in 2017.
Comment

HDI (Human Development Index): France was ranked 24.

France is included in the "Very High Human Development" category.

Methodology100% is received by a state that is ranked 1st; 0% is received by a state that is ranked last.
Resources

"Human Development Report 2017, UNDP, 2018. Accessed September 20, 2018 :

93.0%
Ranking via Global Gender Gap Index

CriteriaA state should be ranked first in the Gender Gap Index.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance was ranked 11 among 144 participating countries in 2017.
Comment

N/A

Methodology100% is received by a state that is ranked 1st; 0% is received by a state that is ranked last.
Resources

"The Global Gender Gap Report 2017," World Economic Forum, 2010. Accessed April 11, 2018:

100.0%
Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties

CriteriaA state ratifies all international human rights gender-sensitive treaties.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance has signed and possibly ratified the following International Human Rights Treaties in 2017:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - signed
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - ratified
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - signed
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - ratified
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - signed
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - ratified
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages - signed
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages - ratified
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women - signed
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women - ratified
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - signed
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - ratified
Protocol to Prevent, Supress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, to The Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime - signed
Protocol to Prevent, Supress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, to The Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime - ratified
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others - signed
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others - ratified
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War - signed
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War - ratified
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) - signed
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) - ratified
Arms Trade Treaty - signed
Arms Trade Treaty - ratified
Comment

N/A

Methodology100% is received by a state that has signed and ratified all International Human Rights Treaties. Ratification of a treaty provides a state with a full point; a signature (without ratification) provides a state with half of a point.
11 - 99-100%;
10 - 90%;
9 - 81%;
8 - 72%;
7 - 63%;
6 - 54%;
5 - 45%;
4 - 36%;
3 - 27%;
2 - 18%;
1 - 9%;
0 - 0%
Resources

International HR Documents:

"International Stadnards," OHCHR, accessed September 5, 2016:

Status of Ratifications:
"Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General: Status of Treaties," United Nations Treaty Collection, accessed September 5, 2016: Status of Ratifications:

Interactive Dashboard," OHCHR, accessed September 5, 2016:

"ATT: Status of ratifications and accessions," amazonaws.com, accessed September 5, 2016:

58.8%
Peacekeeping Operations

17.6%
Contribution of Troops, Police and Military Experts

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in peacekeeping.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance provided 72 women out of 816 peacekeepers in 2017.
Comment

France provided female peacekeepers to MINUJUSTH (0 women), MINURSO (0 women), MINUSCA (11 women), MINUSMA (1 woman), MONUSCO (1 woman), UNIFIL (59 women).

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in peacekeeping, a state that ensures 50% of its personnel are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a score that depends on the percentage of female personnel contributed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.
Data is provided by the United Nations (Department of Peacekeeping Operations).
Resources

"Summary of Military and Police Contribution to UN Operations," United Nations Peacekeeping, accessed April 11, 2018:

100.0%
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Allegedly Committed by Peacekeepers

CriteriaThere should be a "zero tolerance" policy with respect to sexual exploitation and abuse.
Note*: Information on SEA is gathered based on publicly available information. Official statistics are available starting from 2015.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

 

Peacekeepers from France were involved in 0 out of 62 allegations against civilian, military, police and other peacekeeping personnel in 2017.

Comment

S/PV.8218: "First is training — before, during and after deployment, in the basic military operational areas as well as linguistically. Without interaction with local populations, peacekeepers will not be fully effective."

MethodologyIn line with the UN "zero tolerance" policy, at least one allegation of sexual abuse provides a state with 0%.
states that have not been involved in the SEA allegations receives 100%.
Resources

"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council, accessed April 11, 2018.

"Allegations by Category of Personnel Per Year (Sexual Exploitation and Abuse)," United Nations Conduct and Discipline Unit, accessed April 11, 2018.

National Actions

51.0%
Prevention

90.0%
Partnership Between Womens Civil Society Organisations and the Government

CriteriaThere should be a funded and governmentally-supported women's civil society landscape.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Governmental support for women's civil society:

- Engagement in joint government/NGO efforts: Yes

- Funding provided by the government: Yes

France receives 90% because: Even though the government is engaged in collaboration with women's civil society, financial support to women's organisations is inadequate, the number of projects on the Women, Peace and Security agenda in existence is low, and the civil society's influence on governmental decision making is low, considering its active nature.

Comment

Key women's organisation's (Women's Lobby - French Coordination) efforts in regard to gender issues include the following:

- Number of conferences: 20+;

- Number of publications: 2 reports

- Social services provided: coordination, networking, and policy championing between national NGOs, international NGOs, and governments.

Types of social support provided:

Education: Yes

Anti-violence: Yes

Women's empowerment: Yes

Gender-related training: Yes

Political participation: Yes

Anti-human trafficking: Yes

Women's health: Yes

Lobbying and policymaking: No

Fundraising: No

In France, nonprofits working with professional staff are predominantly publicly funded. Up to 56 % of their income comes from public sources, more precisely from the national government, from departements, and from the numerous municipalities (36000) as well as from social security .

France is the fifth-largest donor country, spending US$11.1 billion on net official development assistance (ODA) in 2017 (in 2016 prices). This represents 0.43% of its gross national income (GNI), up from 0.38% in 2016. This is a 15% increase from 2016 levels. Geographically, France takes a differentiated approach to allocating its ODA. It provides grants mainly to 19 countries, almost all in sub-Saharan Africa, while relying on ODA loans in emerging economies, with a particular focus on the Sahel region.

In 2014, France spent 786 billion USD on total gender focused aid, 69 billion USD on gender focused aid to CSOs, 9% on aid to CSOs as a % of total gender focused aid, and 0.8% aid to women’s CSOs.

MethodologyWhen there is both financial support from the government and active collabouration between the government and civil society, a state receives from 80% to 100% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is either only financial support from the government or only active collabouration between the government and civil society, a state receives from 60% to 79% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and where there are no restrictions applied on womens organisation, a state receives from 40% to 59% depending on circumstances (i.e.: kinds of services provided by civil society, etc.);

When there is neither both financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when government provides services for women, a state receives from 20% to 39% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when there are several restrictions on civil society, a state receives from 0% to 19% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.).
Resources

“Civil Society Organisations”, Agence Francaise de Developpement, 2017. Accessed May 14, 2018:

“Donor support to southern women’s rights organisations”, OECD, Nov 2016. Accessed May 14, 2018:

Mapping of NGOs working for women's rights in selected EU Member States”, European Parliament, 2016. Accessed May 14, 2018:

60.0%
Special Gender-Specific Training of Security and Law Enforcement Personnel

CriteriaSpecial gender-specific training for law enforcement and security sector should exist.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance implemented the following training standards in 2017:
Assessment of gender-sensitive training is present
Overall training objective is gender sensitive
Gender parity among trainers and trainees
Women's organisations or gender-related societal leaders are engaged to provide contextual perspective on gender within the security sector
Follow-up communication and gender-related knowledge dissemination methods are established
Comment

Pre-deployment training/operational briefings as part of UN Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) and EU ESDP missions or any SSR intervention, for civilian (especially police) and military units. Training programmes must be specifically tailored to each mission, take account of the exact nature of its mandate, and be based on operational scenarios. Training provided by the Ecoles Nationales à Vocation régionale (ENVR, national schools with regional scope), training centres providing high-quality technical and operational training for security and defence force personnel of the host country and neighbouring countries. Awareness raising relating to the role of women within the security forces will be included in the management training course. Provide forces with a political, strategic and operational context and an interpretation of their mandate with regard to the inclusion of a gender equality perspective in the operational rules of engagement and intervention. Increase the training of staff deployed by France to external operations in the fields of women’s rights, gender equality and the fight against gender violence.

MethodologyThe criteria is determined in line with the UN Women guidelines (developed in partnership with the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and the European Union).
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%

53.8%
National Action Plan on the Implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325 bases on WPS Themes

CriteriaA state has implemented a 1325 National Action Plan. All WILPF/PeaceWomen themes should be covered.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance implements UNSC Resolution 1325 and covers following Peacewomen Themes 2017:
General Women, Peace and Security
Conflict Prevention
Disarmament
Participation
Peace Processes
Protection
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
Peacekeeping
Displacement and Humanitarian Response
Human Rights
Justice, Rule of Law and Security Sector Reform
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding
Implementation
Comment

France launched their second revised National Action Plan (NAP) in 2015. The updated NAP takes into account the numerous initiatives created toward the Women, Peace and Security agenda. The updated NAP contains an additional pillar, "fighting impunity" and expanded their pillar " Developing political and diplomatic action" to "Promoting the “Women, Peace and Security” agenda regionally and internationally".

The revised second NAP supersedes the country's previous commitments in this area. The French National Action Plan relies on 5 pillars:

Pillar 1: Participation of women in managing conflict and post-conflict situations;

Pillar 2: Protecting women against violence and protecting women’s rights during conflict and postconflict periods;

Pillar 3: Fighting impunity;

Pillar 4: Prevention by raising awareness of the issues linked to the fight against gender violence, women’s rights and gender rights

Pillar 5: Promoting the “Women, Peace and Security” agenda regionally and internationally Pillars 1 to 4 have been designed with ambitions in terms of Domestic policy; Bilateral activities and Cooperation programmes; Multilateral activities.

NAP Monitoring and Evaluation:

During the commitment phase of second revised NAP (2015-2018), the implementation of the NAP will be assessed through half-yearly meetings of a steering committee (composed of relevant ministries and administrations). The French National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (CNCDH) and the French High Council for Gender Equality (HCE) will attend one steering committee meeting per year. HCE and CNCDH will also contribute to mid-term and final evaluations of the NAP implementation. The final report will be presented to the relevant Parliamentary committees. It has also been decided that throughout the commitment phase of the NAP, best practices would be exchanged with other EU members.

NAP Development: Civil society was consulted during the draughting phases of the NAP, which largely came out of the May 2010 meeting of the CEDAW/CEDEF Committee in Paris with many international institutions, including the International Committee of the Red Cross, human rights organisations, and unspecified NGOs.

NAP Implementation: Civil society has an ongoing specified role in the implementation Steering Committee. This includes women’s organisations and the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights, an independent body with a pluralistic civil society membership, charged with advising government on human rights issues.

NAP Budget: The second revised NAP does not include an allocated budget but points out the many financial contributions they made during the period of the previous

NAP in Women, Peace and Security related programmes NAP Monitoring and Evaluation: Specific monitoring and evaluation parties were not mentioned in the NAP.

MethodologyThe grade is determined on the basis of a number of WILPF/PeaceWomen themes that are emphasized in a 1325 National Action Plan (NAP). A NAP that emphasizes all WILPF/PeaceWomen themes receives 100%.
Resources

"Member States," WILPF/PeaceWomen, accessed May 14, 2018:

0.0%
Balance between the 1325 National Action Plan (NAP) Budget and Military Expenditure.

CriteriaThe 1325 National Action Plan budget should increase overtime while military expenditure should decrease overtime.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Military Expenditure: $57,770,000,000

The NAP does not include an allocated or an estimated budget.

Comment

Military Expenditure in 2016: $55.73 Billion 

The NAP does not include an allocated or an estimated budget.

MethodologyA grade varies depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative consistency in spendings, ratio between the NAP budget and military expenditure, etc.):

NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure decreases (90-100%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure does not change (79-89%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure decreases (68-78%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure does not change (57-67%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure decreases (46-56%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure increases (35-45%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure does not change (24-34%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure increases (13-23%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure increases (1-12%)
No NAP/No NAP Budget (0%)
Resources

"SIPRI Military Expenditure Database," SIPRI, accessed May 10, 2017:

"Member States," WILPF/PeaceWomen, accessed May 10, 2017:

72.8%
Participation

76.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Parliament

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in Parliament.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Women made up 38,6% of Parliament in France in 2017.

Comment

Lower: 39%; Upper: 29.3%

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in Parliament, a state that ensures 50% of its parliamentarians are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female parliamentarians employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.
Resources

"Women in Politics: 2016," Inter-Praliamentary Union, accessed January 19, 2017:

70.5%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Ministerial Positions

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in ministerial positions.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

59,2% of ministerial positions were held by women in France in 2017.

Comment

Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.13 52.9%

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in the ministerial positions, a state that ensures 50% of its ministers are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female ministers employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.
Resources

“The Global Gender Gap Report 2017,” World Economic Forum, 2017. Accessed May 14, 2018:

54.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Law Enforcement

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in law enforcement
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

27% of law enforcement positions were held by women in France in 2017.

Comment

Municipal police (2015): 16%

National police (2014): 27.3%

National gendarmerie (2014): 18%

Police in total (2016): 27%

Women in army: 15.3%,

Women in Gendarmerie: 17.5% (2016)

Today women make up around 15% of all service personnel in the combined branches of the French military. They are 11% of the Army forces, 13% for the Navy, 21% of the Air Force and 50% of the Medical Corps.

This is the highest proportion of female personnel in Europe.

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in law enforcement, a state that ensures 50% of its law enforcement agents are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female law enforcement agents employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.
Resources

 

“Women in the Military by Country”, Wikipedia, 2018. Accessed May 14, 2018:

“Armée française : l'une des plus féminisées d'Europe”, La Tribune, Nov 2017. Accessed May 14, 2018:

“La Police Nationale Francaise”, Police-Nationale.net. Accessed May 14, 2018:

“Quelle place pour les femmes au sein de la Police nationale?”, Ministere de l'Interieur, 2016. Accessed May 14, 2018:

“Polices municipale et nationale, gendarmerie : quelle place pour les femmes?”, Emploi Public, 2016. Accessed May 14, 2018:

70.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in the Judiciary

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in the judiciary.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

60,8% of judges in France were women in 2017.

Comment

Professional judges sitting in First instance Courts: Women:

Women: 3142,86 Men: 1818,68

Professional judges sitting in Second instance Courts:

Women: 908,22 Men: 786,68

Professional judges sitting in Supreme Courts:

Women: 153 Men: 223 Lawyers in France (2017): 55.4%

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in the judiciary, a state that ensures 50% of its judges are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female judges employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.
Resources

"Evaluation of European Judicial Systems," Council of Europe, Accessed May 10, 2017:

"The French legal system," Ministry of Justice, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2017:

“Statistiques 2017 sur la profession d'avocat”, Ministere de la Justice, Sep 2017. Accessed May 14, 2018:

67.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in the Labour Force

CriteriaWomen should have equal access to employment opportunities.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Women's labour participation rate was 67.2%

Comment

Unemployment rate (percentage of female/male labour force):

Female: 9.9% Male: 10.2%

Estimated earned income (PPP US$):

Female: 35,324 Male: 47,820

Legislators, senior officials, and managers (%):

Female: 32.9, Male: 67.1 Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.49

Professional and technical workers (%):

Female: 50.5 , Male: 49.5 Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.02

MethodologyData collected from the Gender Gap Index (GGI) on the basis of its methodology.
Resources

“The Global Gender Gap Report 2017,” World Economic Forum, 2017. Accessed May 14, 2018:

99.0%
Access to Education

CriteriaThere should be equal access to all levels of education.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Enrolment in primary education: 99.1%

Enrolment in secondary education: 99.8%

Enrolment in tertiary education: 71%

Comment

The enrolment difference between males and females is provided below (The theoretical maximum value is 100%. Increasing trends are considered a reflection of improving coverage at the specified level of education):

Literacy rate (%): Female: 99 Male: 99 Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1

Enrolment in primary education Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1

Enrolment in secondary education Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.01

Enrolment in tertiary education Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.23

MethodologyData collected from the Gender Gap Index (GGI) and UNESCO, developed on the basis of their respective methodologies.
Resources

“The Global Gender Gap Report 2017,” World Economic Forum, 2017. Accessed May 14, 2018:

95.0%
Protection

100.0%
Presence of Gendered Perspective in Legal Framework

CriteriaGender should be mainstreamed throughout legal framework in accordance with the international law.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis Legal framework in France includes the following gender-sensitive laws and constitutional provisions in 2017:
Women and men are guaranteed the rights to vote, to hold public office, and to exercise public functions
Gender perspective incorporated into the constitution
Women and men are guaranteed the right to non-discrimination in education, employment and economic, and social activities
Women and men are guaranteed full equality in civil and business matters
Women and men are guaranteed equal rights and obligations with regard to choice of spouse, parenthood, personal rights, and command over property
Women and men are guaranteed reproductive rights
Women and men are guaranteed equal pay for equal work
Women and men are guaranteed the right to live lives free from violence
Gender sensitive laws and constitutional previsions
Comment

On 25 November, President Macron gave a speech to detail his government’s equality policy, organised in three priorities: an educational and cultural push for equality, better help for victims of violence, and reinforcement of the country’s “repressive arsenal”. The plan committed €420m for 2018 to be spent towards equality and said that “funds dedicated to fighting violence against women have already been increased by 13 per cent”.

However, skeptics have argued that only 15 per cent of this figure – around €65m – will really go towards preventing domestic abuse. Additionally, some pointed out that the €420m figure was already included in the 2018 budget before the #metoo (#balancetonporc in French) wave, such that there is actually no specific funding towards preventing domestic abuse.

Methodology8 - 100%
7 - 87.5%
6 - 75%
5 - 62.5%
4 - 50%
3 - 37.5%
2 - 25%
1 - 12.5%
0 - 0%

Necessary legal framework is determined in accordance with the principles of the core human rights treaties (i.e.: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)).
Resources

"Country Report France 2017", European Commission, Accessed May 7, 2018.

New Statesman, Accessed May 7, 2018:

 

100.0%
Access to Justice

CriteriaWomen's unrestricted access to justice exists.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis The following protections are guaranteed by France in 2017:
Equal access to formal legal dispute systems and the right to legal representation
Non-discrimination law
Existence of courts and judicial bodies
Financial affordability of access to legal proceedings and/or legal aid
Free access to an interpreter during legal proceedings
Victim protection
Existence of gender units within justice institutions
Comment

For a considerable number of identified victims who are non-EU nationals (mainly from Albania, Brazil, China, Nigeria, and Vietnam), traffickers usually provide victims counterfeit documents in order to conceal their real identity and to enable entry to the EU, either with fraudulently obtained visas or as asylum seekers. In some cases, victims are placed in refugee shelters following their asylum application, from where they suddenly disappear and are transferred to other member states by their traffickers. In Western Europe, the member states most targeted as destinations for victims of sexual exploitation are Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. Another difficulty is determining the women's real ages. If they are under 18, they are allowed special legal protection and the penalties for the networks that exploit them are higher. Women are told by their traffickers to say they are over 18, the age of adulthood under French law.

MethodologyThe necessary protections represent the CEDAW standard on women's access to justice.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%"
Resources

"General recommendations on women’s access to justice," CEDAW/C/GC/33, July 23, 2015.April 2, 2018:

"French sisters shelter women against human traffickers, prostitution", Global Sisters Report, Accessed April 2, 2018:

"2016 UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons", UNODC, Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Fight Against Human Trafficking", France Diplomatie.

100.0%
Protections Against Human Trafficking

CriteriaA state should be in compliance with minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance in 2017 is in:
Complete compliance with the minimum standards
Partial compliance with the minimum standards
Non-compliance with the minimum standards
Comment

The Government of France fully meets the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. The government continued to demonstrate serious and sustained efforts during the reporting period. The government demonstrated serious and sustained efforts by increasing international assistance and capacity building to prevent trafficking and adopting a new law requiring large companies to create plans to prevent labor exploitation by sub-contractors. Two bodies investigated trafficking crimes: the Ministry of Interior’s Central Office for Combating Human Trafficking (OCRTEH), consisting of approximately 25 investigators, was responsible for cases of sexual exploitation and the Central Office for Combatting Illegal Labor (OCLTI), consisting of 40 investigators, was responsible for labor exploitation. OCRTEH continued training programs for police, civil servants, NGOs, and the hospitality sector. The government adopted a national anti-trafficking action plan for 2014-2016, which outlines prosecution, protection, and prevention activities and a fund to protect and assist trafficking victims.

MethodologyAdherence is measured in accordance with the “Palermo Protocols” and grading system developed by the US state Department’s annual report on trafficking in persons.
Full compliance: 100%
Partial Compliance: 50%
Non-Compliance: 0%

Resources

 

"Traffciking in Persons Report: 2017," U.S. Department of State. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Country Report France 2017", European Commission, Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Situational Report on Trafficking in Human Beings," Europol, Febryary 2016. Accessed April 2, 2018:

80.0%
Protections Against Sexual Violence.

CriteriaA state should be in compliance with minimum standards for the elimination of sexual violence.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance in 2017 has the following services in place:
Existence of a law against sexual violence
Governmental efforts to eliminate sexual violence nationally
Existence of a national crisis hotline
Existence of women's shelters
Existence of women's rape crisis centres
Comment

N/A. 

MethodologyThe standard is derived from the CEDAW and Istanbul Convention.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%
Resources

"Government commitments," UN Women, accessed April 2, 2018:

"Istanbul Convention: combatting violence against women," The European Commission, March, 2016. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Gender and Development Strategy 2013-2017," Ministry of Gender Affairs, July, 2013. Accessed February 7, 2017.

95.0%
Recovery Support

80.0%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes Serving the Needs of Veterans

CriteriaDedicated programmes for female veterans should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance in 2017 provides the following services:
Female veterans affairs offices exist in urban and rural areas
Economic benefits (i.e. disability, housing) exist
Health service benefits (i.e. free veterans health insurance, gender-sensitive PTSD care) exist
Educational benefits exist
Employment services exist
Comment

Veterans services and benefits are the same for male and female military personnel. However, issues remain in unequal access and utilisation of services for males and females.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the international concept of the responsibility to protect. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%

Resources

"Recognition and reparation," ONACVG. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Veteran's pension," ONACVG.  Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Accommodation for dependent senior citizens," ONACVG. Accessed April 2, 2018:

100.0%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Sexual Violence

CriteriaDedicated programmes for survivors of sexual violence should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance in 2017 provides the following services:
National crisis hotline
Women's shelters
Women's rape crisis centres
Counseling services
National sex-offender list or website
Support groups for victims/survivors
Comment

The National Federation of Solidarity for Women’s (FNSF) is a network of organizations that provide guidance and shelter for women victims of abuse with an anonymous and free-of-charge hotline.

In France there is one national women’s helpline, it is free of charge and offers multi-lingual support, however, it does not operate 24/7. Due to the decentralized nature of the services of women’s centres and shelters there is no data available on them. Based on the information available, France does not meet the standards of the IC on the provision of a national women’s helpline and it is unclear when it comes to meeting standards of provision for women’s shelters.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the CEDAW, Istanbul Convention and Beijing Platform for Action. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
6 - 100%
5 - 83%
4 - 66%
3 - 49%
2 - 32%
1 - 15%
0 - 0%.
Resources

"Country Report: 2017," Women Against Violence Europe, April 2018. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Fighting violence against women must become a top priority," Council of Europe, July 29, 2014. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"France Creates Sex Offenders Registry," The Lantern Project, accessed April 2, 2018:

100.0%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Human Trafficking

CriteriaDedicated programmes for urvivors of human trafficking should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance in 2017 provides the following services:
Human trafficking hotline
Human trafficking shelter
Basic necessities (food, clothing, housing, etc.)
Health services
Legal services
Job training programmes
Educational services
Comment

The government’s national action plan to counter trafficking expired in May 2017; however, its 2017-2019 national action plan for mobilization against all violence against women included measures to counter trafficking, most notably the creation of multidisciplinary regional commissions to counter prostitution, pandering, and trafficking. Eleven departments had developed commissions by the end of the reporting period. The government has a formal procedure for identifying victims and an NGOrun referral mechanism. The Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of Health, and the City of Paris provided funding for the Ac-Se system, an NGO-managed network of 50 NGO-run shelters assisting adult victims of sex and labor trafficking. Ac-Se assisted 82 trafficking victims in 2016, compared with 92 in 2015, by providing them with shelter, legal, medical, and psychological services. Seventy-nine were victims of sex trafficking, two of labor trafficking, and one was forced to commit a petty crime. Seventy-three percent of those victims were Nigerian. The government repatriated eight victims to 173 multiple countries. The government increased Ac-Se’s budget from €170,000 to €220,000 ($179,140 to $231,820) for 2017. Local governments provided French language classes to victims, and some victims could qualify for subsidized housing and job training programs

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with Palermo Protocol and Beijing Platform for Action. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%

Resources

"Trafficking in Persons Report: 2017," U.S. Department of State, 2015. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Country Report France 2017", European Commission, Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Situational Report on Trafficking in Human Beings," Europol, Febryary 2016. Accessed April 2, 2018:

100.0%
Implementation Dedicated Programmes to Support Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

CriteriaDedicated programmes for refugees, asylum seekers, and IDPs should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisFrance in 2017 provides the following services:
State refugee/IDP strategy exists
Basic necessities (food, clothing, housing, etc.) are provided
Health services are available
Legal services are available
Job training programmes are available
Educational services are available
Community engagement/integration programmes are available
Comment

In 2017, only 27% of applications were approved out of a 100,412 total. In the aftermath of the eviction of the informal settlement near Calais, known as “The Jungle”, in November 2016, authorities put in place punitive measures against the hundreds of migrants and refugees who had subsequently returned to Calais. They enhanced police stop-and-search operations, which raised concerns over ethnic profiling. In March, municipal authorities prohibited humanitarian organizations from distributing meals to migrants and asylum-seekers in the town. After the displacement of the Calais camp and destruction of 344 slums, people have been directed to Reception and Orientation Centres (CAO). As of January 2018, hundreds of migrants were still living in makeshit camps in Calais area. NGOs denounce the deterioration of the living conditions in the camp after the arrival of Emmanuel Macron in power in 2017. In July 2017, the Council of State ruled that state deficiencies in Calais exposed migrants to degrading treatment and enjoined the State to set up several arrangements for access to drinking water and sanitary facilities. Reception capacity is still insufficient, despite the creation of 25,000 additional accommodation places in 2017, bringing the total number to more than 80,000. Many asylum seekers still live on the streets, especially in Paris. New forms of accommodation have been developed, such as the reception and accommodation programme for asylum seekers (PRAHDA).

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recommendations. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%

Resources

"France: Migrants, Asylum Seekers Abused and Destitute," Human Rights Watch, December 18, 2017. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"France 2017/2018," Amnesty International, 2018. April 2, 2018:

"Refugee women at risk in northern France survey finds," Migrants' Rights Network, June 21, 2016. Accessed April 2, 2018:

"Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (HFHR)," Asylum Information Database, accessed April 2, 2018:

"National Country Report: France," Asylum Information Database, accessed April 2, 2018:

"Female Asylum-Seekers and Refugees in France," UNHCR, 2009. Accessed April 2, 2018: