WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 3/15;
Conflict Prevention: 0/15;
Disarmament: 0/15;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/15;
Participation: 1/15;
Peace Processes: 0/15;
Peacekeeping: 0/15;
Protection: 2/15;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 1/15;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 2/15;
Implementation: 0/15;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 2/15;
Human Rights: 1/15.

S/PV.6453: "National Governments bear the primary responsibility for combating crimes of sexual violence. The international community should focus on providing affected countries with assistance, seek their understanding and cooperation, help strengthen their capacity-building, make progress in security sector reform and improve mechanisms in the areas of the rule of law, judicial assistance and compensation."

**Note: Data is provided from 2012. There were no Security Council open debates on threats caused by terrorist acts in 2011. 

In its statement at the October 2010 Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security, the People's Republic of China did not announce any specific WPS commitments.

(S/PV.6411): "China supports the Secretary-General appointing more women as special representatives to provide good offices and political mediation; condemns the use of sexual violence as a means of war; supports the relevant United Nations agencies in their active efforts to provide the needed support to the victims of sexual violence."

Arms Transfer Revenue in 2009: $1,179,000,000

_____________________________________

UN Women Government Total Contribution in 2009: $30,000

**Note: Gender Inequality Index ranking is provided for 2011. Information for 2010 is not available.

HDI (2011) (Human Development Index):
The People's Republic of China was ranked 89th.

The People's Republic of China is included in the "Medium Human Development" category;
The “Care for Girls” campaign in the People's Republic of China sends positive messages about girls, encourages matrilineal marriages with cash incentives and gives pension payments to rural families with daughters once parents reach age 60.

Women from the People's Republic of China are on duty in the following peacekeeping missions: 

MINURSO (0);

MINUSTAH (3);

MONUC (14);

UNAMI (0);

UNIFIL (14); 

UNMIL (13);

UNMIT (2);

UNMIS (13),

UNOCI (0);

UNTSO (0).

The representatives of the People's Republic of China made no statements at the meetings of the Security Council (or at any other official international meetings) on its position on the sexual exploitation and abuse committed by peacekeepers.

Total Number of NGOs: 430,000.

Key women's organisation's (All-China Women's Federation) efforts in regard to gender issues include the following:
- Number of conferences: 10+;
- Number of publications: 10 (project reports).

Types of social support provided:
Education: Yes
Anti-violence: Yes
Women's empowerment: Yes
Gender-related training: Yes
Political participation: Yes
Anti-human trafficking: Yes
Women's health: Yes
Lobbying and policymaking: No
Fundraising: No

Chinese organisations seeking external resources (such as foundation grants, direct gifts, and other resources) must obtain approval from the appropriate regulatory agency (such as a bureau of civil affairs at the provincial level). Some civil society organisations choose to register as businesses and they, along with unregistered groups, struggle to survive without the advantages afforded to registered civil society organisations. Unregistered groups and those registered as businesses do not enjoy certain tax benefits, are ineligible for government projects, and cannot solicit public donations.

The People's Republic of China hosted the following high-level events in 2010:
- Third World organisation for Women in Science;
- International Conference “Women’s Health, Well-being between Culture and the Law;”
- Symposium of Empirical Study on Trade and Gender;
- Seminar on Women's Development and Harmonious Marriage;
- Lecture promoting gender awareness among Municipal Government Leaders of Guangdong Province;
- ILO and ACFTU workshop to Strengthen Workers' Education, Promote Gender Equality and Decent Work;
- ACWF and the Chinese Association on Smoking Control training course on engaging women in building a smoke free community;
- Seminar on Gender and Psychology;
- Forum on Healthy Development of Women's Philanthropy.

**Note: The information about the high-level events has been collected using available media sources.

There was no National Action Plan on the Implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325 in the People's Republic of China.

In order to better protect women's rights and interests, enhance women's overall competence, speed up the process of equality between men and women, and to bring into full play the role of women in the People's Republic of China's socialist modernization drive, the Chinese government formulated and promulgated the programme for the Development of Chinese Women (2001-2010) (hereinafter referred to as PDCW). In PDCW, general and major objectives have been set forth for women's development in 2001-2010, based on women's current situation, periodic and long-term goals of women's development, and the People's Republic of China's basic conditions, and in line with the general requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China.

Military Expenditure in 2009: $105,634,000,000
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There was no National Action Plan on the Implementation of Resolution 1325.

The National Programme for the Development of Chinese Women (2001-2010) required the proper arrangement of funding for women's health-care services and for researches thereon, in the optimisation of the distribution of public health resources.

Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.13.

The recruitment of female police officers began in 1929, and in 2002, the Ministry of Public Security stated that female police officers should account for 10-15% of all police officers in the People's Republic of China.

57,200 women judges.

There were few senior level women judges, possibly because fewer women studied law after Chinese law schools re-opened following the Cultural Revolution, and in part because many retired at 55.

Women’s Judges Association under the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) exists, but lacks a web presence.
 

Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.85.

Estimated earned income (PPP US$):
Female: 4,323;
Male: 6,375;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.68.

Legislators, senior officials, and managers (%):
Female: 17, Male: 83;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.20.

Professional and technical workers (%):
Female: 52, Male: 48;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.07.

The enrolment difference between males and females is provided below (The theoretical maximum value is 100%. Increasing trends are considered a reflection of improving coverage at the specified level of education):

Literacy rate (%):
Female: 91;
Male: 97.

Enrolment in primary education (%):
Female: 111.75;
Male: 114.71.


Enrolment in secondary education (%):
Female: 84.79;
Male: 85.04.

Enrolment in tertiary education (%):
Female: 23;
Male: 22.

 

Domestic Violence:
Clauses aimed at preventing and deterring domestic violence against women, and at combating the trafficking in women, were included in the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010) and (2012-2015);

Legislations protecting against human trafficking:
The National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking of Women and Children (2008-2012);

Legislations that protect female employees:
Special Rules on the labour Protection of Female Employees in April 2012, being the first state-level labour regulation that prohibits sexual harassment and elucidates the liability of the employer;

Clauses, with the objective of preventing and prohibiting violence against women, were included in the National programme for Women's Development (2011-2020) formulated by the Chinese Government to promote women's development;

Legislations protecting against human trafficking:
The National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking of Women and Children (2008-2012).

Constitutional Articles that Incorporate Gender (8 articles out of 56 articles);

Gender-sensitivity in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China:

"All citizens of the People’s Republic of China are equal before the law."

"All citizens of the People’s Republic of China who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence, except persons deprived of political rights according to law."

"Women in the People’s Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life, in political, economic, cultural, social and family life."

"The State protects the rights and interests of women, applies the principle of equal pay for equal work to men and women alike and trains and selects cadres from among women."

"Maltreatment of old people, women and children is prohibited."

There is no specific anti-discrimination law in the People’s Republic of China. However, certain general anti-discrimination provisions are included in various laws and regulations.

A Women’s Judges Association under the Supreme People’s Court exists, yet lack a website and published information.

The government of the People’s Republic of China does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. Although the government ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol during the year, committing itself to bringing its domestic laws into conformity with international standards on trafficking, it did not revise anti-trafficking laws and the National Plan of Action to criminalise and address all forms of labour.

Total Reported Sexual Violence at the national level:
1,836.000;

Total Reported Rape at the national level:
112.000.

Activists and SGBV survivors advocated for legislation on sexual/domestic violence.

Existence of a law against sexual violence:
No law in existence.

Governmental efforts to eliminate sexual violence nationally:

The government efforts to eliminate sexual violence were primarily accomplished through support and funding to the National Programme for Chinese Women's Development (2011-202), the China National Programme for Child Development (2011-2020, the All-China Women's Foundation, and through coordinaton with UN Women's efforts.

National crisis hotlines exist with additional hotlines operating in most regions (although the hours or operation are often unreliable).

More than 2,000 shelters exist, but the exact number and overall functionality status is unknown.

Veterans affairs offices exist; however, it is unknown whether they provide specific services and resources for women.

Officially, all veterans receive the same benefits from the state, including women. However, very little additional information exists.

There are inadequate domestic violence shelters to meet the needs of women, yet some shelters remain unused due to social stigma;

350 centres to determine the severity of injuries as a result of domestic violence have been established by the medical system (2005);

No evidence of rape crisis centres found;

No evidence of national sex offender website found.

In April 2010, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Justice, and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the Opinion on Lawful Punishment for the Crime of Abducting and Selling Women and Children;

The National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children (2008–2012) outlines strategies and procedures for combating human trafficking and providing services and protections to victims. However, the extent to which these programmes are effective and sustainable is unclear.

Total population of refugees, stateless persons, IDPs, and asylum-seekers: 301,108

The Chinese government does not provide assistance to refugees in the People's Republic of China and has not established a refugee resettlement plan.

Partly as a result of the One Child Policy, the ratio of males to females in the People's Republic of China is increasing. A shortage of females in the People's Republic of China along with the high cost of marriage (bride price) for Chinese men has created a “marriage squeeze” in the provinces with the highest male-to-female ratios, and very high demand for potential brides for ethnic minority women in poor Southwestern provinces such as Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi. A shortage of females in he People's Republic of China has also created a demand for “foreign brides” purchased from the Russian Federation, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Illegal immigrants among the foreign brides are sometimes forced to marry poor Chinese single men, who are known as “bare branches” in society.