Scorecard of China 2011-01-01 00:00:00

China 2011
41.6

International Actions

14.9%
Security Council Actions

14.3%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in All Security Council Open Debates

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina had 2 out of 14 Open Debates in 2011 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 1/14;
Conflict Prevention: 1/14;
Disarmament: 0/14;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/14;
Participation: 1/14;
Peace Processes: 1/14;
Peacekeeping: 0/14;
Protection: 2/14;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 1/14;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 0/14;
Implementation: 1/14;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 1/14;
Human Rights: 1/14.

S/PV.6642: "Ensuring the participation of women in conflict resolution and prevention and in rehabilitation and reconstruction is an important part of the efforts to implement resolution 1325 (2000). China supports a bigger role for women in good offices and dispute mediation. We hope the Secretary-General will appoint more female special representatives and special envoys, and we hope to see greater participation by women in United Nations good offices and mediation concerning major international and regional hotspots."

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of all Security Council open debates per year.

0.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Threats Caused by Terrorist Acts

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina had 0 out of 1 Open Debates on the threats caused by terrorist acts in 2011 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

**Note: Data is provided from 2012. There were no Security Council open debates on threats caused by terrorist acts in 2011. 

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the threats caused by terrorist acts.

0.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Maintenance of International Peace and Security

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina had 0 out of 2 Open Debates on the maintenance of international peace and security in 2011 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the maintenance of international peace and security.

50.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Protection of Civilians

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina had 1 out of 2 Open Debates on the Protection of Civilians in 2011 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 0/2;
Conflict Prevention: 0/2;
Disarmament: 0/2;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/2;
Participation: 0/2;
Peace Processes: 0/2;
Peacekeeping: 0/2;
Protection:1/2;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/2;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 0/2;
Implementation: 0/2;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 1/2;
Human Rights: 1/2.

S/PV.6650: "Innocent civilians in armed conflicts, especially women and children, must be protected effectively. Governments bear the primary responsibility in that regard."

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the protection of civilians.

25.0%
The Use of Veto

CriteriaA state should not apply its veto right.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

The People's Republic of China used its veto right 1 time out of 2 vetoed draft resolutions in 2011 (Draft resolution with gender-sensitive language).

Comment

Draft resolution on Syria (S/2011/612): "Strongly condemns the continued grave and systematic human rights violations and the use of force against civilians by the Syrian authorities, and expresses profound regret at the deaths of thousands of people including women and children."

Methodology100% - No veto right was used;
75% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
50% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
25% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language);
0% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language).
Resources

"Veto List," Dag Hammarskjold Library

0.0%
Commitments Intended to Strengthen the Implementation of the WPS Agenda

CriteriaAll WILPF/PeaceWomen themes should be covered in the WPS commitments.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisIn its statements made at the 2011 Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security, China covered the following WILPF/PeaceWomen themes:
General Women, Peace and Security
Conflict Prevention
Disarmament
Participation
Peace Processes
Protection
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
Peacekeeping
Displacement and Humanitarian Response
Human Rights
Justice, Rule of Law and Security Sector Reform
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding
Implementation
Comment

In its statement at the October 2010 Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security, the People's Republic of China did not announce any specific WPS commitments.

(S/PV.6411 (2010)): "China supports the Secretary-General appointing more women as special representatives to provide good offices and political mediation; condemns the use of sexual violence as a means of war; supports the relevant United Nations agencies in their active efforts to provide the needed support to the victims of sexual violence."

**Note: Data is provided for 2010. No WPS commitments have been made in 2011.

MethodologyThe number of WILPF/PeaceWomen themes emphasised in a statement identifies the final percentage received by a state
Resources

"Call to Action on 2010 Commitments," WILPF/PeaceWomen
"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council
 

35.0%
Women, Peace and Security Financing

35.0%
Balance Between UN Women Total Contribution and Arms Sales Revenue

CriteriaTotal contribution to UN Women should increase overtime while Arms Sales Revenue should decrease overtime.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Arms Transfer Revenue: $1,338,000,000

_____________________________________

UN Women Government Total Contribution: $60,000

The People's Republic of China receives 35% due to the high difference between the Arms Transfer Revenue and UN Women Total Contribution.

Comment

Arms Transfer Revenue in 2010: $1,496,000,000

_____________________________________

UN Women Government Total Contribution in 2010: $40,000

MethodologyA grade varies depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative consistency in spendings, ratio between the arms transfer revenue and the UN Women contribution, etc.):
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (90-100%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (79-89%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (68-78%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (57-67%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (46-56%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (35-45%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (24-34%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (13-23%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (0-12%).
Resources

"Annual Report 2011-2012," UN Women
"Importer/Exporter TIV Tables," SIPRI

65.3%
International Gender and Human Rights Indicators

81.7%
Ranking via Gender Inequality Index (GII)

CriteriaA state should be ranked first in the Gender Inequality Index (GII).
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina was ranked 35 among 187 participating countries in 2011.
Comment

HDI (Human Development Index):
The People's Republic of China was ranked 101st.

The People's Republic of China is included in the "Medium Human Development" category.

Methodology100% is received by a state that is ranked 1st; 0% is received by a state that is ranked last.

55.2%
Ranking via Global Gender Gap Index

CriteriaA state should be ranked first in the Gender Gap Index.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina was was ranked 61 among 135 participating countries in 2011.
Methodology100% is received by a state that is ranked 1st; 0% is received by a state that is ranked last.

59.1%
Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties

CriteriaA state ratifies all international human rights gender-sensitive treaties.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina has signed and possibly ratified the following International Human Rights Treaties in 2011:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - signed
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - ratified
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - signed
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - ratified
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - signed
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - ratified
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages - signed
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages - ratified
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women - signed
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women - ratified
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - signed
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - ratified
Protocol to Prevent, Supress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, to The Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime - signed
Protocol to Prevent, Supress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, to The Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime - ratified
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others - signed
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others - ratified
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War - signed
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War - ratified
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) - signed
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) - ratified
Arms Trade Treaty - signed
Arms Trade Treaty - ratified
Methodology100% is received by a state that has signed and ratified all International Human Rights Treaties. Ratification of a treaty provides a state with a full point; a signature (without ratification) provides a state with half of a point.
11 - 99-100%;
10 - 90%;
9 - 81%;
8 - 72%;
7 - 63%;
6 - 54%;
5 - 45%;
4 - 36%;
3 - 27%;
2 - 18%;
1 - 9%;
0 - 0%

52.3%
Peacekeeping Operations

4.6%
Contribution of Troops, Police and Military Experts

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in peacekeeping.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina provided 47 women out of 2038 peacekeepers in 2011.
Comment

Women from the People's Republic of China are on duty in the following peacekeeping missions: 

MINURSO (0);

MINUSTAH (0);

MONUSCO (14);

UNAMID (0);

UNIFIL (13);

UNMIL (11);

UNMIT (0);

UNMIS (9);

UNOCI (0);

UNTSO (0).

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in peacekeeping, a state that ensures 50% of its personnel are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a score that depends on the percentage of female personnel contributed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.
Data is provided by the United Nations (Department of Peacekeeping Operations).

100.0%
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Allegedly Committed by Peacekeepers

CriteriaThere should be a "zero tolerance" policy with respect to sexual exploitation and abuse.
Note*: Information on SEA is gathered based on publicly available information. Official statistics are available starting from 2015.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Peacekeepers from the People's Republic of China were involved in 0 out of 75 allegations against civilian, military, police, and other peacekeeping personnel in 2011.

Comment

The representatives of the People's Republic of China made no statements at the meetings of the Security Council (or at any other official international meetings) on its position on the sexual exploitation and abuse committed by peacekeepers.

MethodologyIn line with the UN "zero tolerance" policy, at least one allegation of sexual abuse provides a state with 0%.
states that have not been involved in the SEA allegations receives 100%.
National Actions

17.5%
Prevention

50.0%
Partnership Between Womens Civil Society Organisations and the Government

CriteriaThere should be a funded and governmentally-supported women's civil society landscape.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Governmental support for women's civil society:
- Engagement in joint government/NGO efforts: Yes
- Funding provided by the government: Yes

The People's Republic of China receives 50% because:
Even though the government is engaged in collabouration with women's civil society, the following gaps have been noted:

a) Inadequate financial support to women's organisations is provided;

b) There is no special WPS-focus in the work of women's civil society;

c) The number of existing projects on the Women, Peace and Security agenda is very low;

d) There are strict regulations for national and international funding for non-governmental organizations;

e) Many activists are questionably detained. 

Comment

Total Number of NGOs: 430,000.

Key women's organisation's (All-China Women's Federation) efforts in regard to gender issues include the following:
- Number of conferences: 10+;
- Number of publications: 10 (project reports).

Types of social support provided:
Education: Yes
Anti-violence: Yes
Women's empowerment: Yes
Gender-related training: Yes
Political participation: Yes
Anti-human trafficking: Yes
Women's health: Yes
Lobbying and policymaking: No
Fundraising: No

Chinese organisations seeking external resources (such as foundation grants, direct gifts, and other resources) must obtain approval from the appropriate regulatory agency (such as a bureau of civil affairs at the provincial level). Some civil society organisations choose to register as businesses and they, along with unregistered groups, struggle to survive without the advantages afforded to registered civil society organisations. Unregistered groups and those registered as businesses do not enjoy certain tax benefits, are ineligible for government projects, and cannot solicit public donations.

The People's Republic of China hosted the following high-level events in 2010:
- Third World organisation for Women in Science;
- International Conference “Women’s Health, Well-being between Culture and the Law;”
- Symposium of Empirical Study on Trade and Gender;
- Seminar on Women's Development and Harmonious Marriage;
- Lecture promoting gender awareness among Municipal Government Leaders of Guangdong Province;
- ILO and ACFTU workshop to Strengthen Workers' Education, Promote Gender Equality and Decent Work;
- ACWF and the Chinese Association on Smoking Control training course on engaging women in building a smoke-free community;
- Seminar on Gender and Psychology;
- Forum on Healthy Development of Women's Philanthropy.

**Note: The information about the high-level events has been collected using available media sources.

MethodologyWhen there is both financial support from the government and active collabouration between the government and civil society, a state receives from 80% to 100% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is either only financial support from the government or only active collabouration between the government and civil society, a state receives from 60% to 79% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and where there are no restrictions applied on womens organisation, a state receives from 40% to 59% depending on circumstances (i.e.: kinds of services provided by civil society, etc.);

When there is neither both financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when government provides services for women, a state receives from 20% to 39% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when there are several restrictions on civil society, a state receives from 0% to 19% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.).

20.0%
Special Gender-Specific Training of Security and Law Enforcement Personnel

CriteriaSpecial gender-specific training for law enforcement and security sector should exist.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina implemented the following training standards in 2011:
Assessment of gender-sensitive training is present
Overall training objective is gender sensitive
Gender parity among trainers and trainees
Women's organisations or gender-related societal leaders are engaged to provide contextual perspective on gender within the security sector
Follow-up communication and gender-related knowledge dissemination methods are established
MethodologyThe criteria is determined in line with the UN Women guidelines (developed in partnership with the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and the European Union).
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%

0.0%
National Action Plan on the Implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325 bases on WPS Themes

CriteriaA state has implemented a 1325 National Action Plan. All WILPF/PeaceWomen themes should be covered.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe UNSCR 1325 National Action Plan has not been developed by China until 2011.
Comment

There was no National Action Plan on the Implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325 in the People's Republic of China.

National programme for Women's Development (2011-2020) was formulated on the basis of the basic principles prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the stipulations of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women and other related laws, the purposes of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women and other international conventions and documents, the general objectives and requirements of economic and social development, and the actual situation concerning women's development and gender equality in China.

MethodologyThe grade is determined on the basis of a number of WILPF/PeaceWomen themes that are emphasized in a 1325 National Action Plan (NAP). A NAP that emphasizes all WILPF/PeaceWomen themes receives 100%.

0.0%
Balance between the 1325 National Action Plan (NAP) Budget and Military Expenditure.

CriteriaThe 1325 National Action Plan budget should increase overtime while military expenditure should decrease overtime.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Military Expenditure: $137,967,000,000

_____

There was no National Action Plan on the Implementation of Resolution 1325.

Comment

Military Expenditure in 2010: $115,701,000,000
_____
There was no National Action Plan on the Implementation of Resolution 1325.

The National Programme for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020):
- Optimises distribution of resources and expand maternal and child health care funding in rural and remote areas;
- Provides financial support to ensure that impoverished girls and girls with disabilities receive universal preschool education;
- Provides financial support to impoverished girls and girls with disabilities in high school education, and ensure that girls do not drop out of school because of poverty and/or physical disabilities; progressively provides free secondary vocational education and ensure that girls who fail to go on to senior high school receive the necessary vocational education before seeking employment;
- Provides financial support to impoverished and/or disabled women college students in various forms and through multiple channels;
- Encourages financial institutions, enterprises and other organisations to offer, in cooperation with women's organisations, rural women-oriented financial services and relevant training.

MethodologyA grade varies depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative consistency in spendings, ratio between the NAP budget and military expenditure, etc.):

NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure decreases (90-100%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure does not change (79-89%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure decreases (68-78%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure does not change (57-67%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure decreases (46-56%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure increases (35-45%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure does not change (24-34%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure increases (13-23%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure increases (1-12%)
No NAP/No NAP Budget (0%)

48.6%
Participation

42.6%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Parliament

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in Parliament.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Women made up 21.3% of the Parliament in the People's Republic of China.

Comment

In August 2011, the State Council issued the PRC Outline for the Development of Women (2011–2020), which, among other goals, called for "local governments at the county level and above to have at least one female leader" by the end of 2020.

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in Parliament, a state that ensures 50% of its parliamentarians are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female parliamentarians employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

24.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Ministerial Positions

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in ministerial positions.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

12% of ministerial positions were held by women in the People's Republic of China in 2011.

Comment

Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.13.

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in the ministerial positions, a state that ensures 50% of its ministers are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female ministers employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

27.4%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Law Enforcement

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in law enforcement
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

13.7% of law enforcement positions were held by women in the People's Republic of China.

Comment

While police academies continued to increase their recruitment of women police officers, the majority of female officers were engaged in office and managerial work, rather than patrol and criminal investigation. 

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in law enforcement, a state that ensures 50% of its law enforcement agents are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female law enforcement agents employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

53.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in the Judiciary

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in the judiciary.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

26.51% of judges in the People's Republic of China were women in 2011.

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in the judiciary, a state that ensures 50% of its judges are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female judges employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

74.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in the Labour Force

CriteriaWomen should have equal access to employment opportunities.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

 Women's labour participation rate was 74%.

Comment

Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.88.

Estimated earned income (PPP US$):
Female: 4,323;
Male: 6,375;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.65.

Legislators, senior officials, and managers (%):
Female: 17, Male: 83;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.20.

Professional and technical workers (%):
Female: 52, Male: 48;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.08.

MethodologyData collected from the Gender Gap Index (GGI) on the basis of its methodology.

70.4%
Access to Education

CriteriaThere should be equal access to all levels of education.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Enrolment in primary education: 97%;

Enrolment in secondary education: 89.15%;

Enrolment in tertiary education: 25%.
 

Comment

The enrolment difference between males and females is provided below (The theoretical maximum value is 100%. Increasing trends are considered a reflection of improving coverage at the specified level of education):

Literacy rate (%):
Female: 91;
Male: 97.

Enrolment in primary education (%):
Female: 97;
Male: 97.

Enrolment in secondary education (%):
Female: 89.15;
Male: 89.01.

Enrolment in tertiary education (%):
Female: 25;
Male: 24.
 

MethodologyData collected from the Gender Gap Index (GGI) and UNESCO, developed on the basis of their respective methodologies.

57.0%
Protection

66.7%
Presence of Gendered Perspective in Legal Framework

CriteriaGender should be mainstreamed throughout legal framework in accordance with the international law.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis Legal framework in China includes the following gender-sensitive laws and constitutional provisions in 2011:
Women and men are guaranteed the rights to vote, to hold public office, and to exercise public functions
Gender perspective incorporated into the constitution
Women and men are guaranteed the right to non-discrimination in education, employment and economic, and social activities
Women and men are guaranteed full equality in civil and business matters
Women and men are guaranteed equal rights and obligations with regard to choice of spouse, parenthood, personal rights, and command over property
Women and men are guaranteed reproductive rights
Women and men are guaranteed equal pay for equal work
Women and men are guaranteed the right to live lives free from violence
Gender sensitive laws and constitutional previsions
Comment

Legislations protecting against human trafficking:
The National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking of Women and Children (2008-2012); The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (2013-2020).

Legislations that protect female employees:
Special Rules on the labour Protection of Female Employees in April 2012, being the first state-level labour regulation that prohibits sexual harassment and elucidates the liability of the employer;

Clauses, with the objective of preventing and prohibiting violence against women, were included in the National programme for Women's Development (2011-2020) formulated by the Chinese government to promote women's development;

Legislations protecting against human trafficking:
The National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking of Women and Children (2008-2012).

Methodology8 - 100%
7 - 87.5%
6 - 75%
5 - 62.5%
4 - 50%
3 - 37.5%
2 - 25%
1 - 12.5%
0 - 0%

Necessary legal framework is determined in accordance with the principles of the core human rights treaties (i.e.: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)).

71.4%
Access to Justice

CriteriaWomen's unrestricted access to justice exists.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis The following protections are guaranteed by China in 2011:
Equal access to formal legal dispute systems and the right to legal representation
Non-discrimination law
Existence of courts and judicial bodies
Financial affordability of access to legal proceedings and/or legal aid
Free access to an interpreter during legal proceedings
Victim protection
Existence of gender units within justice institutions
Comment

There is no specific anti-discrimination law in the People’s Republic of China. However, certain general anti-discrimination provisions are included in various laws and regulations.

A Women’s Judges Association under the Supreme People’s Court exists, yet lacks a website and published information.

MethodologyThe necessary protections represent the CEDAW standard on women's access to justice.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%"

50.0%
Protections Against Human Trafficking

CriteriaA state should be in compliance with minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina in 2011 is in:
Complete compliance with the minimum standards
Partial compliance with the minimum standards
Non-compliance with the minimum standards
Comment

The government of the People’s Republic of China does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. The government did not demonstrate evidence of significant efforts to address all forms of trafficking or effectively protect victims; therefore, the People's Republic of China is placed on Tier 2 Watch List for a seventh consecutive year.

MethodologyAdherence is measured in accordance with the “Palermo Protocols” and grading system developed by the US state Department’s annual report on trafficking in persons.
Full compliance: 100%
Partial Compliance: 50%
Non-Compliance: 0%

40.0%
Protections Against Sexual Violence.

CriteriaA state should be in compliance with minimum standards for the elimination of sexual violence.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina in 2011 has the following services in place:
Existence of a law against sexual violence
Governmental efforts to eliminate sexual violence nationally
Existence of a national crisis hotline
Existence of women's shelters
Existence of women's rape crisis centres
Comment

Total Reported Sexual Violence at National Level:
1,806.000.

Total Reported Rape at National Level:
91,000.

Activists and SGBV survivors advocated for legislation on sexual/domestic violence.

Existence of a law against sexual violence:
No law in existence.

Governmental efforts to eliminate sexual violence nationally:
The government efforts to eliminate sexual violence were primarily accomplished through support and funding to The National Programme for Chinese Women's Development(2011-202), the China National Programme for Child Development (2011-2020, the All-China Women's Foundation, and through coordinaton with UN Women's efforts.

National crises hotlines exist with additional hotlines operating in most regions (although the hours of operation are often unreliable).

More than 2,000 shelters exist; however, exact number and overall functionality status is unknown.

MethodologyThe standard is derived from the CEDAW and Istanbul Convention.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%
Resources

Zhao, Frank. "Building a Nonviolent World for Women," Women of China
"Eliminating Violence Against Women," UN Women

42.1%
Recovery Support

80.0%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes Serving the Needs of Veterans

CriteriaDedicated programmes for female veterans should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina in 2011 provides the following services:
Female veterans affairs offices exist in urban and rural areas
Economic benefits (i.e. disability, housing) exist
Health service benefits (i.e. free veterans health insurance, gender-sensitive PTSD care) exist
Educational benefits exist
Employment services exist
Comment

Veterans affairs offices exist; however, it is unknown whether they provide specific services and resources for women. 

Officially, all veterans receive the same benefits from the state, including women. However, very little additional information exists.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the international concept of the responsibility to protect. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%

16.7%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Sexual Violence

CriteriaDedicated programmes for survivors of sexual violence should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina in 2011 provides the following services:
National crisis hotline
Women's shelters
Women's rape crisis centres
Counseling services
National sex-offender list or website
Support groups for victims/survivors
Comment

There are inadequate domestic violence shelters to meet the needs of women, yet some shelters remain unused due to social stigma;

No evidence of rape crisis centres found;

No evidence of national sex offender website found.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the CEDAW, Istanbul Convention and Beijing Platform for Action. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
6 - 100%
5 - 83%
4 - 66%
3 - 49%
2 - 32%
1 - 15%
0 - 0%.

28.6%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Human Trafficking

CriteriaDedicated programmes for urvivors of human trafficking should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina in 2011 provides the following services:
Human trafficking hotline
Human trafficking shelter
Basic necessities (food, clothing, housing, etc.)
Health services
Legal services
Job training programmes
Educational services
Comment

Combating violence against women and children in all its forms remains one of the major objectives of the National Programme for Chinese Women's Development(2011-2020 and the China National programme for Child Development(2011-2020);

The National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children (2008–2012) outlines strategies and procedures for combating human trafficking and providing services and protections to victims. However, the extent to which these programmes are effective and sustainable is unclear;

The All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) is in the process of starting a network of shelters for women. At these shelters, women reportedly may access referrals for legal aid, report human trafficking violations, and seek assistance from social workers;

Official figures show that police across the country rescued 8,660 abducted children and 15,458 women while breaking up 3,195 criminal circles engaged in human trafficking in 2011.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with Palermo Protocol and Beijing Platform for Action. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%

42.9%
Implementation Dedicated Programmes to Support Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

CriteriaDedicated programmes for refugees, asylum seekers, and IDPs should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisChina in 2011 provides the following services:
State refugee/IDP strategy exists
Basic necessities (food, clothing, housing, etc.) are provided
Health services are available
Legal services are available
Job training programmes are available
Educational services are available
Community engagement/integration programmes are available
Comment

Total population of refugees, stateless persons, IDPs, and asylum-seekers: 200,986;

Women migrant workers in the People's Republic of China: 34.1%.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recommendations. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%