The People's Republic of China used its veto right 1 time out of 2 vetoed draft resolutions in 2014 (Vetoed draft resolution has no gender-specific language).
Draft resolution on Syria (S/2014/348) does not include any gender-specific language.
In its statement at the October 2010 Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security, the People's Republic of China did not announce any specific WPS commitments.
(S/PV.6411 (2010)): "China supports the Secretary-General appointing more women as special representatives to provide good offices and political mediation; condemns the use of sexual violence as a means of war; supports the relevant United Nations agencies in their active efforts to provide the needed support to the victims of sexual violence."
**Note: Data is provided for 2010. No WPS commitments have been made in 2014.
Arms Transfer Revenue: $1,360,000,000
_______________________________________
UN Women Government Total Contribution: $890,000
People's Republic of China receives 85% due to the high difference between the Arms Transfer Revenue and UN Women Total Contribution.
Arms Transfer Revenue in 2013: $2,055,000,000
________________________________________
UN Women Government Total Contribution in 2013: $230,000
HDI (Human Development Index):
The People's Republic of China was ranked 90th.
The People's Republic of China is included in the "Medium Human Development" category.
Women from the People's Republic of China are on duty in the following peacekeeping missions:
MINURSO (0);
MINUSMA (12);
MONUSCO (12);
UNAMID (0);
UNFICYP (0);
UNIFIL (8);
UNMIL (17);
UNMISS (10);
UNOCI (0);
UNTSO (0).
Peacekeepers from the People's Republic of China were involved in 0 out of 69 allegations against civilian, military, police, and other peacekeeping personnel in 2014.
The representatives of the People's Republic of China made no statements at the meetings of the Security Council (or at any other official international meetings) on its position on the sexual exploitation and abuse committed by peacekeepers.
Governmental support for women's civil society:
- Engagement in joint government/NGO efforts: Yes
- Funding provided by the government: Yes
The People's Republic of China receives 60% because:
a) Inadequate financial support to women's organisations is provided;
b) There is no special WPS-focus in the work of women's civil society;
c) The number of existing projects on the Women, Peace and Security agenda is very low;
d) There are strict regulations of national and international funding for non-governmental organizations;
e) Many activists are questionably detained.
Key women's organisation's (All-China Women's Federation) efforts in regard to gender issues include the following:
- Number of conferences: 15+;
- Number of publications: 50 (project reports).
Types of social support provided:
Education: Yes
Anti-violence: Yes
Women's empowerment: Yes
Gender-related training: Yes
Political participation: Yes
Anti-human trafficking: Yes
Women's health: Yes
Lobbying and policymaking: No
Fundraising: No
Chinese organisations seeking external resources (such as foundation grants, direct gifts, and other resources) must obtain approval from the appropriate regulatory agency (such as a bureau of civil affairs at the provincial level). Some civil society organisations choose to register as businesses and they, along with unregistered groups, struggle to survive without the advantages afforded to registered civil society organisations. Unregistered groups and those registered as businesses do not enjoy certain tax benefits, are ineligible for government projects, and cannot solicit public donations.
The central government has invested around 400 million yuan ($64.5 million) to support 470 projects run by social organisations. Additionally, the Chinese government provided support to non-governmental organisations to prevent and stop violence against women through advocating, training and publicity.
The People's Republic of China hosted the following high-level events in 2014:
- Gender Equality Seminar;
- Training to Counter Domestic Violence;
- Amendment Symposium on China Women's NGOs' Beijing+20 Report;
- Most Powerful Women International Summit;
- 2014 APEC Women and the Economy Forum.
**Note: The information about the high-level events has been collected using available media sources.
"Chinese NGOs Grow to Over 500,000 Thanks to New Reforms, But Strict Regulations Still Hamper Social Sector’s Growth," Asian Philanthropy Forum
"The Shadow Report of Chinese Women’s NGOs
on the Combined Seventh and Eighth Periodic Report Submitted by China under Article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women," Anti-Domestic Violence Network / Beijing FanBao & Beijing Zhongze Women’s Legal Consulting Services Center & China Women’s University
"Training to Counter Domestic Violence Kicks off in Beijing," All-China Women's Federation
"Amendment Symposium on China Women's NGOs' Beijing+20 Report Held in Beijing," Chinese Women's Research Network
"Fortune Most Powerful Women International Summit," Fortune
“State of Civil Society Report: 2014,”CIVICUS
"Women ready for first armed UN mission," ChinaDaily
"2014 Annual Report," Congressional-Executive Commission on China
"A Brief Report on the Combined Seventh and Eighth Periodic Report Submitted by China under Article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women," All-China Women’s Federation, Chinese Women’s Research Society
There is no National Action Plan on the Implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325 in the People’s Republic of China.
Military Expenditure: $199,651,000,000
_____
There was no National Action Plan on the Implementation of Resolution 1325.
Military Expenditure in 2013: $177,848,000,000
_____
There was no National Action Plan on the Implementation of Resolution 1325.
National Programme for Women's Development (2011-2020):
-optimises distribution of resources and expand maternal and child health care funding in rural and remote areas;
-provides financial support to ensure that impoverished girls and girls with disabilities receive universal preschool education;
-provides financial support to impoverished girls and girls with disabilities in high school education, and ensure that girls do not drop out of school because of poverty and/or physical disabilities; progressively provides free secondary vocational education and ensure that girls who fail to go on to senior high school receive the necessary vocational education before seeking employment;
-provides financial support to impoverished and/or disabled women college students in various forms and through multiple channels;
-encourages financial institutions, enterprises and other organisations to offer, in cooperation with women's organisations, rural women-oriented financial services and relevant training.
By the end of June 2014, an accumulative amount of 193.15 billion RMB yuan (about 32.3 billion USD) of micro loans had been provided to women, with 13.518 billion RMB yuan (about 2.3 billion USD) of loan interest provided by the central and local governments. Some 4 million women each received 50,000 to 80,000 RMB yuan (about 8,300-13,000 USD) of micro loans on average. The measure created jobs for more than 10 million women.
Women made up 23.4% of the Parliament.
8% of ministerial positions were held by women in the People's Republic of China.
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.09.
14.1% of law enforcement positions were held by women.
**Note: Data is available for 2013.
29.4% of judges in the People's Republic of China were women.
Women's labour participation rate was 70%.
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.84.
Estimated earned income (PPP US$):
Female: 8,499;
Male: 13,247;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.64.
Legislators, senior officials, and managers (%):
Female: 17, Male: 82;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.20.
Professional and technical workers (%):
Female: 52, Male: 48;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.08.
Enrolment in primary education: 87%;
Enrolment in secondary education: 95.44%;
Enrolment in tertiary education: 28%.
The enrolment difference between males and females is provided below (The theoretical maximum value is 100%. Increasing trends are considered a reflection of improving coverage at the specified level of education):
Literacy rate (%):
Female: 93.
Enrolment in primary education (%):
Female: 87;
Male: 87.
Enrolment in secondary education (%):
Female: 95.44;
Male: 93.35.
Enrolment in tertiary education (%):
Female: 28;
Male: 25.
Domestic Violence:
Clauses aimed at preventing and deterring domestic violence against women, and at combating the trafficking in women, were included in the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015);
Clauses, with the objective of preventing and prohibiting violence against women, were included in the National programme for Women's Development (2011-2020) formulated by the Chinese government to promote women's development;
Legislations protecting against human trafficking:
The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (2013-2020);
Constitutional Articles that Incorporate Gender (8 articles out of 56 articles).
Gender-sensitivity in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China:
"All citizens of the People’s Republic of China are equal before the law."
"All citizens of the People’s Republic of China who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence, except persons deprived of political rights according to law."
"Women in the People’s Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life, in political, economic, cultural, social and family life."
"The State protects the rights and interests of women, applies the principle of equal pay for equal work to men and women alike and trains and selects cadres from among women."
"Maltreatment of old people, women and children is prohibited."
"Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women," china.org.ch
Bohong, Liu. "Eradicate, Prevent all Forms of Violence Against Women, Girls," Women of China
"Does the constitution take at least one approach to gender equality?," World Policy Center
"Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database," UN Women
"Consitution of the People's Republic of China," The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China
"Constitutional Provisions on Women's Equality," Library of Congress"Post 1995 Major Events on Gender Equality and Women’s Rights in China," Columbia University
"Enhanced 'Ruling by the Law' Sparks Women's Enthusiasm," Women of China
There is no specific anti-discrimination law in the People’s Republic of China. However, certain general anti-discrimination provisions are included in various laws and regulations.
A Women’s Judges Association under the Supreme People’s Court exists, yet lacks a website and published information.
"Progress made by the Chinese Government in Implementation of the “Beijing Declaration” and Program of Action” as well as the “Outcome Document” of the United Nations General Assembly at its Twenty-Third Special Session," United Nations
"Protection of Women's Rights and Interests Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese and English Text)," Congressional-Executive Commission on China
"Organic Law of People's Courts of the people's Republic of China," china.org.cn
"(2011-2020) Development of Chinese Women" Statistical Report 2014 Implementation," National Bureau of Statistics
The government of the People’s Republic of China does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. During the reporting period, the PRC’s National People’s Congress ratified a decision to abolish RTL. Some media and NGOs indicate that the government released detainees from and ceased operations at many RTL camps; others indicate that the government has converted some RTL facilities into different types of detention centres, including state-sponsored drug detention and “custody and education” centres, some of which employ forced labour. The government provided limited information about its investigation, prosecution, and conviction of traffickers; the government’s conflation of trafficking with other crimes made it difficult to accurately assess the government’s law enforcement efforts to prosecute trafficking offenses.
Existence of a law against sexual violence:
Domestic violence law being draughted.
Governmental efforts to eliminate sexual violence nationally:
The government efforts to eliminate sexual violence were primarily accomplished through support and funding to the National Programme for Chinese Women's Development(2011-202), the China National Programme for Child Development (2011-2020, the All-China Women's Foundation, and through coordinaton with UN Women's efforts.
Existence of a national crisis hotline:
National crises hotlines exist with additional hotlines operating in most regions (although the hours of operation are often unreliable).
Number of women's shelters:
More than 3,000 shelters exist, but exact number unknown.
Number of women's rape crisis centres:
Women's centres in most regions provide limited rape crisis services; however, exact number is unavailable.
Wu, Amanda. "ACWF and UNFPA Conduct Pilot Project to End Violence against Women," Women of China
Zhao, Frank. "UN Project of Preventing Sexual Assaults on China's Underage Children," Women of China
"Press release: International Roundtable on the Family Violence Legislation in China," UN Women
Zhao, Frank. "Building a Nonviolent World for Women," Women of China
"'(2011-2020) Development of Chinese Women' Statistical Report 2014 Implementation," National Bureau of Statistics
"Eliminating Violence Against Women," UN Women
Veterans affairs offices exist; however, it is unknown whether they provide specific services and resources for women.
Officially, all veterans receive the same benefits from the State, including women. However, very little additional information exists.
"Resettlement of demobilized soldiers Ordinance," The Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China
"Opinions on the implementation of retired soldiers Grants policy," The Centeral People's Government of the People's Republic of China
"China is diversifying resettlement veterans," Caixin
"Retired soldiers resettlement policy," Shanghai Municipal People's Government
There are inadequate domestic violence shelters to meet the needs of women, yet some shelters remain unused due to social stigma.
No evidence of national sex offender website found.
"The Shadow Report of Chinese Women’s NGOs on the Combined Seventh and Eighth Periodic Report Submitted by China under Article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women," Anti-Domestic Violence Network
"Progress made by the Chinese Government in Implementation of the 'Beijing Declaration' and Program of Action” as well as the 'Outcome Document' of the United Nations General Assembly at its Twenty-Third Special Session ," United Nations
Zhao, Frank. "Building a Nonviolent World for Women," Women of China
"'Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020),' the implementation of statistical reporting," National Bureau of Statistics
Combating violence against women and children in all its forms remains one of the major objectives of The National Programme for Chinese Women's Development(2011-2020) and the China National programme for Child Development (2011-2020);
The China Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Persons (2013–2020) outlines strategies and procedures for combating human trafficking and providing services and protections to victims. However, the extent to which these programmes are effective and sustainable is unclear.
"China’s National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children (2008-2012)," notrafficking.org
Barbezat, Sean Michael. "Trafficking of Women and the Harmonious Society: The Chinese National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children within the Context of Chinese Patriarchy and Reform," University of Denver
Total population of refugees, stateless persons, IDPs, and asylum-seekers: 301,519;
Women migrant workers in the People's Republic of China: 33%.
WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 2/20;
Conflict Prevention: 1/20;
Disarmament: 0/20;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 1/20;
Participation: 0/20;
Peace Processes:0 /20;
Peacekeeping: 0/20;
Protection: 3/20;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 2/20;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 1/20;
Implementation: 1/20;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 1/20;
Human Rights: 2/20.
S/PV.7160: "The Council should strictly abide by its relevant mandate in dealing with sexual violence and avoid stepping into areas of responsibility enjoyed by other organs."